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nyc infoThe Earth has been in an Ice House Climate for the last 30 million years
When the Earth is in its "Ice House" climate mode, there is ice at the poles. The polar ice sheet expands and contacts because of variations in the Earth's orbit (Milankovitch cycles). The last expansion of the polar ice sheets took place about 18,000 years ago.
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wo hi tu ley raha hu.chup krye info sy faida leeen
Historical Importance of the First Man on the Moon:
For thousands of years, man had looked to the heavens and dreamed of walking on the moon. In 1969, as part of the Apollo 11 mission, Neil Armstrong became the very first to accomplish that dream, followed only minutes later by Buzz Aldrin. Their accomplishment placed the United States ahead of the Soviets in the Space Race and gave people around the world the hope of future space exploration.
Dates: July 20, 1969
Also Known As: First Moon Landing, First Man to Walk on the Moon
Crew Aboard Apollo 11: Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Michael Collins
Overview of the First Man on the Moon:
When the Soviet Union launched Spu
tnik 1 on October 4, 1957, the United States was surprised to find themselves behind in the race to space. Still behind the Soviets in the Space Race four years later, President John F. Kennedy gave inspiration and hope to the American people in his speech to Congress on May 25, 1961 in which he stated, "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth." Just eight years later, the United States accomplished this goal by placing Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon.
Take Off!
At 9:32 a.m. on July 16, 1969, the Saturn V rocket launched Apollo 11 into the sky from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. On the ground there were over 3,000 journalists, 7,000 dignitaries, and approximately a half million tourists watching this momentous occasion. The event went smoothly and as scheduled.
After one-and-a-half orbits around earth, the Saturn V thrusters flared once again and the crew had to manage the delicate process of attaching the lunar module (nicknamed Eagle) onto the nose of the joined command and service module (nicknamed Columbia). Once attached, Apollo 11 left the Saturn V rockets behind as they began their three-day journey to the moon, called the translunar coast.
A Difficult Landing
On July 19, at 1:28 p.m. EDT, Apollo 11 entered the moon's orbit. After spending a full day in lunar orbit, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin boarded the lunar module and detached it from the command module for their descent to the moon's surface. As the Eagle departed, Michael Collins, who remained in the Columbia while Armstrong and Aldrin were on the moon, checked for any visual problems with the lunar module. He saw none and told the Eagle crew, "You cats take it easy on the lunar surface."
As the Eagle headed toward the moon's surface, several different warning alarms were activated. Armstrong and Aldrin realized that the computer system was guiding them to a landing area that was strewn with boulders the size of small cars. With some last minute maneuvers, Armstrong guided the lunar module to a safe landing area. At 4:18 p.m. EDT on July 20, 1969, the landing module landed on the moon's surface in the Sea of Tranquility with only seconds of fuel left.
Armstrong reported to the command center in Houston, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed." Houston responded, "Roger, Tranquility. We copy you on the ground. You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. We're breathing again."
Walking on the Moon
After the excitement, exertion, and drama of the lunar landing, Armstrong and Aldrin spent the next six-and-a-half hours resting and then preparing themselves for their moon walk.
At 10:28 p.m. EDT, Armstrong turned on the video cameras. These cameras transmitted images from the moon to over half a billion people on earth who sat watching their televisions. It was phenomenal that these people were able to witness the amazing events that were unfolding hundreds of thousands of miles above them.
Neil Armstrong was the first person out of the lunar module. He climbed down a ladder and then became the first person to set foot on the moon at 10:56 p.m. EDT. Armstrong then stated, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
A few minutes later, Aldrin exited the lunar module and stepped foot on the moon's surface.
Leaving the Surface
Although Armstrong and Aldrin got a chance to admire the tranquil, desolate beauty of the moon's surface, they also had a lot of work to do. NASA had sent the astronauts with a number of scientific experiments to set up and the men were to collect samples from the area around their landing site. They returned with 46 pounds of moon rocks. Armstrong and Aldrin also set up a flag of the United States.
While on the moon, the astronauts received a call from President Richard Nixon. Nixon began by saying, "Hello, Neil and Buzz. I am talking to you by telephone from the Oval Office of the White House. And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone calls ever made. I just can't tell you how proud we are of what you have done."
After spending 21 hours and 36 minutes upon the moon (including 2 hours and 31 minutes of outside exploration), it was time for Armstrong and Aldrin to leave. To lighten their load, the two men threw out some excess materials like backpacks, moon boots, urine bags, and a camera. These fell to the moon's surface and were to remain there. Also left behind was a plaque which read, "Here men from the planet earth first set foot upon the moon. July 1969, A.D. We came in peace for all mankind."
The lunar module blasted off from the moon's surface at 1:54 p.m. EDT on July 21, 1969. Everything went well and the Eagle re-docked with the Columbia. After transferring all of their samples onto the Columbia, the Eagle was set adrift in the moon's orbit. The Columbia, with all three astronauts back on board, then began their three day journey back to earth.
Splash Down
Before the Columbia command module entered the earth's atmosphere, it separated itself from the service module. When the capsule reached 24,000 feet, three parachutes deployed to slow down the Columbia's descent. At 12:51 p.m. EDT on July 24, the Columbia safely landed in the Pacific Ocean, southwest of Hawaii. They landed just 13 nautical miles from the U.S.S. Hornet that was scheduled to pick them up.
Once picked up, the three astronauts were immediately placed into quarantine for fears of possible moon germs. Three days after being retrieved, Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins were transferred to a quarantine facility in Houston for further observation. On August 10, 1969, 17 days after splash down, the three astronauts were released from quarantine and able to return to their families.
The astronauts were treated like heroes on their return. They were met by President Nixon and given ticker-tape parades. These men had accomplished what men had only dared to dream for thousands of years - to walk on the moon.
Buzz Aldrin Walking on the Moon
Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin faces the camera as he walks on the Moon during Apollo 11 mission. The plexiglass of his helmet reflects back the scene in front of him, such as the Lunar Module and Astronaut Armstrong taking his picture. (July 20, 1969)Picture courtesy of NASA.@Don @yoursks @RedRose64 @Hoorain @Nelly @Sarlaa_TM @Mahiya @Azeyy @ChoCo @isma33 @FallenAngeL @Tariq Saeed @zonii @*khushi* @Dreamy @kingnomi @S_ChiragH @eXcalibuR @inNOc3Nt_SuFfi @sweet_ayesha @_ussama_ @Masoom_Abeera @Asma Shah @hafaz @Mustafayaqoob @gulfishan @goodfrndz @Hidden-Shadow @dcssalman @Pari @~Ambitiou$ Girl~ @sweet_c_kuri @attiya @Julie @itsarshad @deshki_monda @zubia @sammy05 @Piyari @AyAn_khAn @GeniousAsma @cuteshadab @AliiGolo @Lightman @Leeza_Rose @huny @GraetBoy1234 @zaatzarra @saimaaaaaaa @Krazii_kaskar @Ezha_talpur @masoom-si-girl @Shireen @ShahzadFaiz @StrawBerry @Era @Hoorain @Abidi @Shizuka @parri @Nelly @Don @Iceage-TM @Toobi @Atif-adi @RedRose64 @Binte_Hawwa @Sparkofighter @Mhk31 @faari @Rubi @Rhyme12 @saaaamshrrrrri @silverpearl @Aayat
thank u aapi inshaaAllah zror
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aankhen km kholo na ismooo[DOUBLEPOST=1375284113][/DOUBLEPOST]
achamention not....
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kitna liya hy btaengy aaapwo hi tu ley raha hu.
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thanks[DOUBLEPOST=1375284569][/DOUBLEPOST]v nice thread keep it up
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[DOUBLEPOST=1375286730][/DOUBLEPOST]Publications of C. R. Scotese
The following is a list of my publications on the topics of plate tectonics, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology.
Research Articles in Books and Journals
1974 The first vertebrate flying machine, Earth Sci., 27: 145-150.
1975
____ and Baker, C. W., Continental drift reconstructions and animation, J. Geol. Educ., 23: 167-171.
Continental Drift (flip book), 1st edition.
1976
A continental drift 'flip book", Computers and Geology, 2:13-116.
1977
____ with Ziegler, A.M., McKerrow, W.S., Johnson, M.E., and Bambach, R.K., Paleozoic biogeography of the continents bordering the Iapetus (Pre-Caldonian) and Rheic (Pre-Hercynian) ocean, in Paleontology and Plate Tectonics, R. M. West, ed., Milwaukee Public Museum, Special Publications in Biology and Geology, 2:1-22.
____ with Ziegler, A.M., Hansen, K.S., Kelly, M.E., and Van der Voo, R., Silurian continental distributions, paleogeography, climatology, and biogeography. Tectonophysics, 40: 13-51.
1979
____ with Bambach, R.K., Barton, C., Van der Voo, R., and Ziegler, A.M., Paleozoic base maps., J. Geology, 87, 217-277.
____ Continental Drift (flip book), 2nd edition.
____ with Ziegler, A.M., McKenow, W.S., Johnson, M.E., and Bambach, R.K., Paleozoic paleogeography, Ann. Rev. Earth and Planet Sci., v. 7, p. 473-302.
1980
____ with Bambach, R.K., and Ziegler, A.M., Before Pangaea: The Paleozoic world, Amer. Sci. 68:26-38.
____ Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleocontinental maps (review), Amer. J. Sci., v. 280, p. 93-96.
1981
____ with Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen fault during Carboniferous time, Geology, 9: 583-589.
____ with Ziegler, A. M., and Barrett, S. F., Paleoclimate sedimentation and continental accretion, in the Origin and Evolution of the earth's Crust, S. Moorbath and B.F. Windley, eds., Philo. trans. Roy. Soc., A301:254-264.
____ with Ziegler, A. M., and Parrish, J. T., Cambrian world paleogeography, biogeography and climatology., Taylor, Michael E. Short papers for the Second international symposium on the Cambrian System. Open, file, Report, U.S. Geological Survey., p. 252
____ and Snelson, S., Ross, W.C., and Dodge, L.P., A computer animation of continental drift, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 32: suppl. III, 61-70.
1982
____ and Van Der Voo, R., and McCabe, C., Paleomagnetism of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian carbonates of New York State: Evidence for secondary magnetizations residing in magnetite, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 30:385-395.
____ with Donovan, R. N., Meyerhoff, A.A., Parnell, J., Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (differs from 2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during the Carboniferous time, discussions and reply, Geology v. 10, p. 604-607.
____ with Winchester, J.A., and Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (differs from 2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during the Carboniferous time, discussions and reply, Geology v. 10, p. 487-488.
____ with Parrish, J. T., and Ziegler, A.M., Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Paleogeog., Paleoclim., Paleoecol., 40: 67-101.
1983
____ with Friedman, R.M., A summary of paleomagnetic data from the Cordillera of western North America, in R.M.F. Master's Thesis, University of Chicago.
____ with Ziegler, A.M., and Barrett, S.F., Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeographic maps, in Tidal friction and the Earth's Rotation II, P. Broche/J. Sundermann, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
____ with McCabe, C., Van der Voo, R., Peacor, D.R., and Freeman, R., Diagnetic magnetite carrier ancient yet secondary remanence in some Paleozoic sedimentary carbonates, Geology v. 11, pp. 221-223.
1984
____ with Van der Voo, R., and Bonhommet, N., (editors) Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, Geodynamics V. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., 136 pp.
____ An introduction to this volume: Paleozoic Paleomagnetism and the Assembly of Pangea, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C. pp. 1-110.
____ and Van der Voo, R., Johnson, R.W., and Giles, P.S., Paleomagnetic results from the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, pp. 11-26.
____ with Van der Voo, R., and Peinado, J., A paleomagnetic reevaluation of Pangaea reconstructions, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism. R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 11-26.
____ with Van der Voo, and R., McCabe, Was Laurentia part of an Eocambrian supercontinent? in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 131-136.
1985
The assembly of Pangea, middle and late Paleozoic paleomagnetic results from North America, 339 p. (Ph.D. Thesis)
____ with Rowley, D.B., Raymond, A., Parrish, J.T., Lottes, A.L. and Ziegler, A.M., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions. International J. Coal Geology, 5:7-42.
____ and Rowley, D. B., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions, Phillips, T. L., Cecil, C. B., Paleoclimatic controls on coal resources of the Pennsylvanian System of North America. International Journal of coal, Geology, 5 (1, 2), p. 7, 42.
____ and Rowley, D.B., The orthogonality of subduction: An empirical rule? Tectonophysics, 116:173-187.
____ and Van der Voo, R. and S.F. Barrett, Silurian and Devonian basemaps, Phil. trans. Roy. Soc. London B, 309:57-77.
1986
____ and Summerhayes, C.P., A computer model of paleoclimate to predict upwelling in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Geobyte, 1:28-42.
____ with Parrish, J. T., Ziegler, A.M., Humphreyville, R.G. and Kirschvink, J.L., Early Cambrian paleogeography, paleoceanograpy, and phosphorites, in Phosphate Deposits of the World, vol. 1, (eds.) P.J. Cook and J.H. Shergold, Cambridge University Press, pp. 280-294.
____ Phanerozoic Reconstructions; A New Look at the Assembly of Asia, UTIG Tech. Report 66, 54 pp.
1987
Plate tectonic development of the Circum-Pacific (Panthalassic Ocean) during the Early Paleozoic in Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belts and the Evolution of the Pacific Ocean Basin, J. W. Monger and J. Francheteau (eds.), Amer. Geophys. Union, Geodynamics series, v. 18, 49-57.
____ with Lawver, L., A revised reconstruction of Gondwana, in Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics, and Geophysics, Amer. Geophys. Union, Monograph 40:17-23.
1988
____ and Sager, W.W., Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Reconstructions. Tectonophysics, 155:27-48.
____ with Gahagan, L.M., Royer, J.Y., Sandwell, D.T., Winn, K., Tomlins, R., Ross, M.I., Newman, J.S., Mueller, D., Mayes, C.L., Lawver, L.A. and Heubeck, C.E., Tectonic fabric map of the ocean basins from satellite altimetry data. Tectonophysics 155:1-26.
____ with Ross, M.I., A hierarchical tectonic model of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region. Tectonophysics 155:139-168.
____ with Royer, J.Y., Patriat, P. and Bergh, H., Evolution of the southwest Indian Ridge from the Late Cretaceous (anomaly 34) to the Middle Eocene (anomaly 20). Tectonophysics 155:235-260.
____ and Gahagan, L.M. and Larson, R.L., Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics 155:27-48.
1989 with Bally, A.W., and Ross, M.I., North America; Plate tectonic setting and tectonic elements, in A.W. Bally and A.R. Palmer, (editors), The Geology of North America; An Overview, Decade of North American Geology, The Geology of North America, Volume A., 1-15.
1990
Phanerozoic plate tectonics reconstructions, insights into the driving mechanism of plate tectonics, Bulletin, Houston Geological Society, 32 (9), p. 10.
____ with Lawver, A review of tectonic models for the evolution of the Canada Basin, Chapter 31, in A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J.F. Sweeney, (editors), The Arctic Ocean Region, Decade of North American Geology, volume L, pp. 593-618.
____ with McKerrow, W.S. (editors), Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, Geol. Soc. London, Memoir 12, 435 p.
____ with Royer, J.Y., Gahagan, L.M., Lawver, L.M., Mayes, C.L., Nurnberg, D., and Sandwell, D.T. A tectonic chart for the southern oceans derived from GEOSAT altimetry data, in Antarctica as an exploration frontier - hydrocarbon potential, geology, and hazards, B. St. John (ed.), A.A.P.G. Studies in Geology #31, Tulsa, OK, pp. 89-99.
____ and S.F. Barrett, Gondwana's movement over the South Pole during the Paleozoic: evidence from lithologic indicators of climate, in Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (editors), Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 75-85.
____ and W.S. McKerrow, Revised world maps and introduction, in Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (editors), Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 1-21.
Rimaining part
1991
____ with Cocks, L.R.M., The global biogeography of the Silurian period, in Bassett, M.G. (ed), The Murchison Symposium, Special Paper in Palaeontology v. 44, Geol. Society of London, pp. 109-122.
____ with Lawver, L.A., Royer, J.Y., and Sandwell, D. T., Evolution of the Antarctic continental margins, in Proceedings of the 5th Int. Antarctic Earth Science Symposium, August 23-29, 1987, Cambridge, U.K., M.R.A. Thompson (editor), PP. 533-539.
____ and McKerrow, W.S., Ordovician plate tectonic reconstructions, in Advances in Ordovician Geology, C.R. Barnes & S.H. Williams (Editors), Can. Geol. Survey Paper 90-9, 271-282.
____ with McKerrow, W.S., and Dewey, J.F., The Ordovician and Silurian development of the Iapetus Ocean, in Bassett, M.G. (ed), The Murchison Symposium, Special Paper in Palaeontology 44:165-178.
____ Jurassic and Cretaceous Plate Tectonic Reconstructions, Paleogeog., Paleoecol., and Paleoclim., v. 87, p. 493-501.
1992
____ with McKerrow, W.S., and Brasier, M.D. Early Cambrian Continental Reconstructions, J. Geol. Soc. of London, 149: 599-606.
____ and Golonka, J., PALEOMAP Paleogeographic Atlas, PALEOMAP Progress Report No. 20, Department of Geology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 34 pp.
1994
____ with Golonka, J., and Ross, M.I., Phanerozoic Paleogeographic and Paleoclimatic Modeling Maps, in A. F. Embry, B. Beauchamp, and D.J. Glass (editors), Pangea, Global Environments and resources, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 17, p. 1-47.
____ Carboniferous paleocontinental reconstructions, in Cecil, C. Blaine, Edgar, N. Terence, Predictive stratigraphic analysis; concept and application, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United-States. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin., p. 3-6., Reston VA.
____ with Worsley, T. R., Moore, T. L., and Fraticelli, C. M., Phanerozoic CO2 levels and global temperatures inferred from changing paleogeography, in Klein, George D., (editor), Pangea; paleoclimate, tectonics, and sedimentation during accretion, zenith and breakup of a supercontinent. Special Paper Geological Society of America 288, p. 57-73, Boulder, CO.
____ with Klein, G. D., Beauchamp, B., Baud A., Chuvashov, B. I., Lopez-Gamundi, O. R., Parrish, J., Ross, C. A., Scholle, P. A., and Watney, W. L., Introduction; Project Pangea and workshop recommendations. Special Paper Geological Society of America 288-1-12.
1995
____ with Boucot, A. J., and Chen, Xu, Ibexian and post-Ibexian paleogeography based on climatically sensitive sediments and biogeographic data, in Proceedings of the International Ordovican Symposium, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 12-16, pp. 291-295.
____ with Golonka, Jr., Phanerozoic paleogeographic maps of the Arctic margins, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Arctic Margins (Magadan, Russia, September, 1994), K. Simakov and D. K. Thurston, ed., pp. 1-16.
____ with Jurdy, D. M., and Stefanick, M., Paleozoic plate dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, no. B9, pp. 17965-17975.
____ and Langford, R., Pangea and the Paleogeography of the Permian, in The Permian of Northern Pangea, vol. 1, editors, P.A. Scholle, T. M. Peryt, and D. S. Ilmer-Scholle, pp. 3-19, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
1996
____ "Plate Tectonics", in Encyclopedia of the Earth Sciences, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, p. 859-864.
____ "Paleogeography", in Encyclopedia of the Earth Sciences, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York, p. 788-792.
____ with Golonka, J., Edrich, M. E., Ford, D. W., Pauken, R. J., and Bochararova, N. Y., Jurassic Paleogeographic Maps of the World in The Continental Jurassic, M. Morales, ed., Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60, p. 1-6.
1997
___ with Boucot, A.J., Chen Xu, A. J. Boucot, Ruan Yiping, and Fan Junxuan. Correlation Between Geologically Marked Climate Changes and Extinction, (1997) Earth Science Frontiers, v. 4, no. 3-4, pp. 123-128.
____ with Boucot, A.J., and Chen Xu, Correlation between geologically marked climate changes and extinctions, Geobios, Mem. Sp 20, 55-59.
____ Scotese, C.R. Continental Drift Flip Book, 7th edition, Arlington, Texas, 80 pp.
1998
____ with Bird, T. R., Naar, D. F., Larson, R. L., and Searle, R. C., Plate reconstruction of the Juan Fernandez Microplate: Transformation from internal shear to rigid rotation. J. Geophys. Res., v. 103: 7049-7067.
____ with Bryant, N., Burchfiel, B.C., Buber, B.T., Siever, R., and Zachos, J. Millennium in Maps, Physical Earth, Earth in Flux, National Geographic Magazine, v. 192, no. 5, May 1998 (map supplement featuring 8 paleogeographic maps).
____ with Jenkins, G. An early Snowball Earth?, Science, v. 282, pp. 1644-1646.
____ with Kazmin, V.G., Natapov, L.M., Bush, W.A., Filipova, I.B., Jasamanov, N.A., Balukhovsky, A.N., Volkov, J.V. Gatinsky, J., Kalimulin, S.M., Kulikova, L.I., Miledin, A.K., Pugacheva, I.P., Suetenko, O.D., Bocharova, N.J., Zoneshain, L.P., and Kononov, M.K. The Paleogeographic Atlas of Northern Eurasia, Institute of Tectonics of Lithospheric Plates, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, (26 maps).
____ with Upchurch, G.R., and Otto-Bliesner, B.L. Vegetation-atmosphere interactions and their role in global warming during the latest Cretaceous, in D.J. Beerling, W.G. Chaloner, F.I. Woodward (editors), Vegetation-climate-atmosphere interactions: past, present and future. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, B. 353: 97-112.
1999
____ and Boucot, A.J., and McKerrow, W.S., 1999. Gondwanan paleogeography and paleoclimatology, Journal of African Earth Scinces, v. 28, no. 1., pp. 99-114.
____ with Upchurch, G.R., and Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Terrestrial vegetation and its effects on climate during the latest Cretaceous, E. Berrera and C. Johnson, (eds), The Evolution of Cretaceous Ocean/Climate Systems, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper, v. 332, pp. 407-426.
____ with Chatterjee, S. The Breakup of Gondwana and the Evolution and Biogeography of the Indian Plate. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, v. 65A, No. 3, pp. 1-35.
2000
____ with Bice, K., Seidov, D., and Barron, E.J. Quantifying the role of geographic
change in Cenozoic ocean heat transport using uncoupled atmosphere and ocean
models, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, and Paleoecology, v 161, pp. 295-310.
____ "Pangea", article for print and electronic versions of Encyclopedia Britannica.
____ "Paleogeography", article for print and electronic versions of Encyclopedia
Britannica.
____ "Gondwana", article for print and electronic versions of Encyclopedia Britannica.
____ "Laurasia", article for print and electronic versions of Encyclopedia Britannica.
2001
____ Atlas of Earth History, PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, Texas, 52 pp.
____ and Nokleberg, W., Monger, J.W.H., Norton, I.O., Parfenov, L.M., Khanchuk, A., Bundyzen, T.K., Dawson, K.M., et al., Dynamic Computer Model for Metallogenesis and tectonics of the Circum-North Pacific., U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-261 (CD-ROM).
____ with Nokleberg, W.J., Perfenov, L.M., Monger, JW.H., Norton, I.O., Khanchuk, A.I., Stone, D.B., Scholl,D.W., and Fujita, K., Phanerozoic Tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific, U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 1626, 122 p.
____ with Schettino, A., New Internet software for paleomagnetic analysis and plate tectonic reconstructions, EOS Trans. AGU (in press, 2001)
____ and de Wit, M., Gondwana's story: A Tale of Tectonic and Climatic Change, In Gondwana Alive (in press, submitted July, 2000).
Publications Submittted and in Preparation
____ with Boucot, A.J., and Xu, Chen, An Atlas of Lithological Indicators of Climate, Geol. Soc. America, Special Paper (submitted February, 2001)
____ with Hecht, J. The Ages of the Earth, Freeman, Publishing Co., NY, (submitted March, 2001).
____ and Foundations of Earth System History (book contract), Academic Press (in prep.)
____ with Burkart, B. Development of the Monterrey basin in the context of the plate tectonic evolution of Central America (in prep).
____ with Schettino A. Synthetic APWPs for the major continents since the Early Jurassic and Global Plate Tectonic Reconstructions. (in prep.)
____ and Schettino, A. Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Tectonic Reconstructions. (in prep).
____ and Metz, K.S., The Breakup of Rodinia and the Formation of Pannotia during the Late Proterozoic, the Virtual Explorer (on-line journal), http://www.virtualexplorer.com.au.Vejournal/Volume6/index.html
____ and Metz, K.S., A Review of Proposed Late Precambrian Plate Tectonic Reconstructions, Amer. Geophys Union, G. Jenkins, (editor) (in prep.)
____ with Metz, K.S., Paleogeography and Paleoclimatology of the Neoproterozoic: Rodinia to Pannotia, (in prep).
____ Late Precambrian and Early Paleozoic, Paleogeographic, Plate Tectonic, and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions, in Early Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Palaeobiogeography of Western Europe and North Africa, Lille, France, edited by R. Servais, Bul. Geol. Soc. France (in prep).
(old list)
Bocharova N. Yu., and Scotese, C.R., 1993. Revised Global Apparent Polar Wander Paths and Global Mean Poles, PALEOMAP Project Progress Report 56-1293, 20 pp.
Boucot. A.J., Xu, C., and Scotese, C.R., (in prep), Atlas of Lithological Indicators of Climate, Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper.
Gahagan, L.M., Scotese, C.R., Royer, J.-Y., Sandwell, D.T., Winn, J.K., Tomlins, R. L., Ross, M.I., Newman, J.S., Mueller, R.D., Mayes, C.L., Lawver, L.A., and Heubeck, C.E., 1988. Tectonic fabric of the ocean basins from satellite altimetry data, in C.R. Scotese and W. W. Sager (eds), Mesozoic and Cenozoic plate reconstructions, Tectonophysics, 155: 1-26.
Golonka, J., Ross, M.I., and Scotese, C.R., 1994. Phanerozoic paleogeographic and paleoclimatic modeling maps, in A.F. Embry, B. Beauchamp, and D.J. Glass (eds), PANGEA: Global Environments and Resources, Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol., Memoir 17, pp. 1-48.
Jurdy, D.M., Stefanick, M., and Scotese, C.R., 1995. Paleozoic plate dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 100: 17965-17975.
McKerrow, W.S, and Scotese, C.R., 1990. Palaeozoic Biogeography and Paleogeography, Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, 435 pp.
McKerrow, W.S., Scotese, C.R., and Brasier, M.F., 1992. Early Cambrian continental reconstructions, J. Geol. Soc., London, 149: 599-606.
Parrish, J.T., Ziegler, A.M., and Scotese, C.R., 1982. Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 40: 67-101. Scotese, C.R. , 1975. Continental Drift, 1st edition, Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Chicago.
Scotese, C.R., 1976. A continental drift "flip book", Computers and Geology, 2:113-116.
Scotese, C.R., 1997. Continental Drift, 7th edition, PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, Texas, 79 pp.
Scotese, C.R., and Baker, D.W., 1975. Continental drift reconstructions and animations, J. Geol. Education, 23:167-171.
Scotese, C.R., and Barrett, S.F., 1990. Gondwana's movement over the South pole during the Palaeozoic: evidence from lithological indicators of climate, in W.S. McKerrow and C. R. Scotese, eds., Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography, Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 75-86.
Scotese, C.R., and Golonka, J. 1992. Paleogeographic Atlas, PALEOMAP Progress Report 20-0692, Department of Geology, University of Texas at Arlington, 34 pp.
Scotese, C.R., and Langford, R. P., 1995. Pangea and the Palegeography of the Permian, in P.A. Scholle, T.M. Peryt, and D.S. Ulmer-Scholle, eds., The Permian of Northern Pangea, volume 1, Paleogeography, Paleoclimates, nad Stratigraphy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 3-19.
Scotese, C.R., and Ross, M.I., (in prep.), An Atlas of Paleoclimate Simulations using the Parametric Climate Model (PCM).
Scotese, C.R., and Sager, W.W., 1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Tectonic Reconstructions. Tectonophysics, 155: 27-48.
Scotese, C.R., and Summerhayes, 1986. A computer model of paleoclimate to predict upwelling in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Geobyte, 1:28-42.
Scotese, C.R., Gahagan, L.M., and Larson, R. L., 1988. Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins, in C.R. Scotese and W. W. Sager (eds), Mesozoic and Cenozoic plate reconstructions, Tectonophysics, 155: 27-48.
Scotese, C.R., Snelson, S., Ross, W.C., and Dodge, L., 1981. A computer animation of continental drift, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 32: suppl. III, 61-70.
Scotese, C.R., Bambach, R.K., Barton, C., Van der Voo, R., and Ziegler, A.M., 1979. Paleozoic Base Maps, J. Geology, 87: 217-277.
Ziegler, A.M., Scotese, C.R., and Barrett, S.F., 1983. Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeographic maps, in Tidal Friction and the Earth's Rotation II, P. Broche / J. Sundermann, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
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Publications of C. R. Scotese
The following is a list of my publications on the topics of plate tectonics, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology. Research Articles in Books and Journals1974 The first vertebrate flying machine, Earth Sci., 27: 145-150.1975____ and Baker, C. W., Continental drift reconstructions and animation, J. Geol. Educ., 23: 167-171.Continental Drift (flip book), 1st edition.1976 A continental drift 'flip book", Computers and Geology, 2:13-116.1977____ with Ziegler, A.M., McKerrow, W.S., Johnson, M.E., and Bambach, R.K., Paleozoic biogeography of the continents bordering the Iapetus (Pre-Caldonian) and Rheic (Pre-Hercynian) ocean, in Paleontology and Plate Tectonics, R. M. West, ed., Milwaukee Public Museum, Special Publications in Biology and Geology, 2:1-22.____ with Ziegler, A.M., Hansen, K.S., Kelly, M.E., and Van der Voo, R., Silurian continental distributions, paleogeography, climatology, and biogeography. Tectonophysics, 40: 13-51.1979____ with Bambach, R.K., Barton, C., Van der Voo, R., and Ziegler, A.M., Paleozoic base maps., J. Geology, 87, 217-277.____ Continental Drift (flip book), 2nd edition.____ with Ziegler, A.M., McKenow, W.S., Johnson, M.E., and Bambach, R.K., Paleozoic paleogeography, Ann. Rev. Earth and Planet Sci., v. 7, p. 473-302.1980 ____ with Bambach, R.K., and Ziegler, A.M., Before Pangaea: The Paleozoic world, Amer. Sci. 68:26-38.____ Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleocontinental maps (review), Amer. J. Sci., v. 280, p. 93-96.1981 ____ with Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen fault during Carboniferous time, Geology, 9: 583-589.____ with Ziegler, A. M., and Barrett, S. F., Paleoclimate sedimentation and continental accretion, in the Origin and Evolution of the earth's Crust, S. Moorbath and B.F. Windley, eds., Philo. trans. Roy. Soc., A301:254-264.____ with Ziegler, A. M., and Parrish, J. T., Cambrian world paleogeography, biogeography and climatology., Taylor, Michael E. Short papers for the Second international symposium on the Cambrian System. Open, file, Report, U.S. Geological Survey., p. 252____ and Snelson, S., Ross, W.C., and Dodge, L.P., A computer animation of continental drift, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 32: suppl. III, 61-70.1982 ____ and Van Der Voo, R., and McCabe, C., Paleomagnetism of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian carbonates of New York State: Evidence for secondary magnetizations residing in magnetite, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 30:385-395.____ with Donovan, R. N., Meyerhoff, A.A., Parnell, J., Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (differs from 2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during the Carboniferous time, discussions and reply, Geology v. 10, p. 604-607.____ with Winchester, J.A., and Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (differs from 2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during the Carboniferous time, discussions and reply, Geology v. 10, p. 487-488.____ with Parrish, J. T., and Ziegler, A.M., Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Paleogeog., Paleoclim., Paleoecol., 40: 67-101.1983 ____ with Friedman, R.M., A summary of paleomagnetic data from the Cordillera of western North America, in R.M.F. Master's Thesis, University of Chicago.____ with Ziegler, A.M., and Barrett, S.F., Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeographic maps, in Tidal friction and the Earth's Rotation II, P. Broche/J. Sundermann, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.____ with McCabe, C., Van der Voo, R., Peacor, D.R., and Freeman, R., Diagnetic magnetite carrier ancient yet secondary remanence in some Paleozoic sedimentary carbonates, Geology v. 11, pp. 221-223.1984____ with Van der Voo, R., and Bonhommet, N., (editors) Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, Geodynamics V. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., 136 pp.____ An introduction to this volume: Paleozoic Paleomagnetism and the Assembly of Pangea, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C. pp. 1-110.____ and Van der Voo, R., Johnson, R.W., and Giles, P.S., Paleomagnetic results from the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, pp. 11-26.____ with Van der Voo, R., and Peinado, J., A paleomagnetic reevaluation of Pangaea reconstructions, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism. R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 11-26.____ with Van der Voo, and R., McCabe, Was Laurentia part of an Eocambrian supercontinent? in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 131-136.1985 The assembly of Pangea, middle and late Paleozoic paleomagnetic results from North America, 339 p. (Ph.D. Thesis)____ with Rowley, D.B., Raymond, A., Parrish, J.T., Lottes, A.L. and Ziegler, A.M., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions. International J. Coal Geology, 5:7-42.____ and Rowley, D. B., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions, Phillips, T. L., Cecil, C. B., Paleoclimatic controls on coal resources of the Pennsylvanian System of North America. International Journal of coal, Geology, 5 (1, 2), p. 7, 42.____ and Rowley, D.B., The orthogonality of subduction: An empirical rule? Tectonophysics, 116:173-187.____ and Van der Voo, R. and S.F. Barrett, Silurian and Devonian basemaps, Phil. trans. Roy. Soc. London B, 309:57-77.1986 ____ and Summerhayes, C.P., A computer model of paleoclimate to predict upwelling in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Geobyte, 1:28-42.____ with Parrish, J. T., Ziegler, A.M., Humphreyville, R.G. and Kirschvink, J.L., Early Cambrian paleogeography, paleoceanograpy, and phosphorites, in Phosphate Deposits of the World, vol. 1, (eds.) P.J. Cook and J.H. Shergold, Cambridge University Press, pp. 280-294.____ Phanerozoic Reconstructions; A New Look at the Assembly of Asia, UTIG Tech. Report 66, 54 pp.1987 Plate tectonic development of the Circum-Pacific (Panthalassic Ocean) during the Early Paleozoic in Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belts and the Evolution of the Pacific Ocean Basin, J. W. Monger and J. Francheteau (eds.), Amer. Geophys. Union, Geodynamics series, v. 18, 49-57.____ with Lawver, L., A revised reconstruction of Gondwana, in Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics, and Geophysics, Amer. Geophys. Union, Monograph 40:17-23.1988 ____ and Sager, W.W., Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Reconstructions. Tectonophysics, 155:27-48.____ with Gahagan, L.M., Royer, J.Y., Sandwell, D.T., Winn, K., Tomlins, R., Ross, M.I., Newman, J.S., Mueller, D., Mayes, C.L., Lawver, L.A. and Heubeck, C.E., Tectonic fabric map of the ocean basins from satellite altimetry data. Tectonophysics 155:1-26.____ with Ross, M.I., A hierarchical tectonic model of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region. Tectonophysics 155:139-168.____ with Royer, J.Y., Patriat, P. and Bergh, H., Evolution of the southwest Indian Ridge from the Late Cretaceous (anomaly 34) to the Middle Eocene (anomaly 20). Tectonophysics 155:235-260.____ and Gahagan, L.M. and Larson, R.L., Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics 155:27-48.1989 with Bally, A.W., and Ross, M.I., North America; Plate tectonic setting and tectonic elements, in A.W. Bally and A.R. Palmer, (editors), The Geology of North America; An Overview, Decade of North American Geology, The Geology of North America, Volume A., 1-15.1990 Phanerozoic plate tectonics reconstructions, insights into the driving mechanism of plate tectonics, Bulletin, Houston Geological Society, 32 (9), p. 10.____ with Lawver, A review of tectonic models for the evolution of the Canada Basin, Chapter 31, in A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J.F. Sweeney, (editors), The Arctic Ocean Region, Decade of North American Geology, volume L, pp. 593-618.____ with McKerrow, W.S. (editors), Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, Geol. Soc. London, Memoir 12, 435 p.____ with Royer, J.Y., Gahagan, L.M., Lawver, L.M., Mayes, C.L., Nurnberg, D., and Sandwell, D.T. A tectonic chart for the southern oceans derived from GEOSAT altimetry data, in Antarctica as an exploration frontier - hydrocarbon potential, geology, and hazards, B. St. John (ed.), A.A.P.G. Studies in Geology #31, Tulsa, OK, pp. 89-99.____ and S.F. Barrett, Gondwana's movement over the South Pole during the Paleozoic: evidence from lithologic indicators of climate, in Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (editors), Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 75-85.____ and W.S. McKerrow, Revised world maps and introduction, in Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (editors), Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 1-21.
o tohadda pala howe kuju kam kiya kro anna me nai prna u pr lo
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aankhen km kholo na ismooo[DOUBLEPOST=1375284113][/DOUBLEPOST]
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kitna liya hy btaengy aaap
thanks[DOUBLEPOST=1375284569][/DOUBLEPOST]
thank u sis[DOUBLEPOST=1375284599][/DOUBLEPOST]
thank u sis[DOUBLEPOST=1375284629][/DOUBLEPOST]
Publications of C. R. Scotese
The following is a list of my publications on the topics of plate tectonics, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology. Research Articles in Books and Journals1974 The first vertebrate flying machine, Earth Sci., 27: 145-150.1975____ and Baker, C. W., Continental drift reconstructions and animation, J. Geol. Educ., 23: 167-171.Continental Drift (flip book), 1st edition.1976 A continental drift 'flip book", Computers and Geology, 2:13-116.1977____ with Ziegler, A.M., McKerrow, W.S., Johnson, M.E., and Bambach, R.K., Paleozoic biogeography of the continents bordering the Iapetus (Pre-Caldonian) and Rheic (Pre-Hercynian) ocean, in Paleontology and Plate Tectonics, R. M. West, ed., Milwaukee Public Museum, Special Publications in Biology and Geology, 2:1-22.____ with Ziegler, A.M., Hansen, K.S., Kelly, M.E., and Van der Voo, R., Silurian continental distributions, paleogeography, climatology, and biogeography. Tectonophysics, 40: 13-51.1979____ with Bambach, R.K., Barton, C., Van der Voo, R., and Ziegler, A.M., Paleozoic base maps., J. Geology, 87, 217-277.____ Continental Drift (flip book), 2nd edition.____ with Ziegler, A.M., McKenow, W.S., Johnson, M.E., and Bambach, R.K., Paleozoic paleogeography, Ann. Rev. Earth and Planet Sci., v. 7, p. 473-302.1980 ____ with Bambach, R.K., and Ziegler, A.M., Before Pangaea: The Paleozoic world, Amer. Sci. 68:26-38.____ Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleocontinental maps (review), Amer. J. Sci., v. 280, p. 93-96.1981 ____ with Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen fault during Carboniferous time, Geology, 9: 583-589.____ with Ziegler, A. M., and Barrett, S. F., Paleoclimate sedimentation and continental accretion, in the Origin and Evolution of the earth's Crust, S. Moorbath and B.F. Windley, eds., Philo. trans. Roy. Soc., A301:254-264.____ with Ziegler, A. M., and Parrish, J. T., Cambrian world paleogeography, biogeography and climatology., Taylor, Michael E. Short papers for the Second international symposium on the Cambrian System. Open, file, Report, U.S. Geological Survey., p. 252____ and Snelson, S., Ross, W.C., and Dodge, L.P., A computer animation of continental drift, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 32: suppl. III, 61-70.1982 ____ and Van Der Voo, R., and McCabe, C., Paleomagnetism of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian carbonates of New York State: Evidence for secondary magnetizations residing in magnetite, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 30:385-395.____ with Donovan, R. N., Meyerhoff, A.A., Parnell, J., Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (differs from 2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during the Carboniferous time, discussions and reply, Geology v. 10, p. 604-607.____ with Winchester, J.A., and Van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetic evidence for a large (differs from 2,000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during the Carboniferous time, discussions and reply, Geology v. 10, p. 487-488.____ with Parrish, J. T., and Ziegler, A.M., Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Paleogeog., Paleoclim., Paleoecol., 40: 67-101.1983 ____ with Friedman, R.M., A summary of paleomagnetic data from the Cordillera of western North America, in R.M.F. Master's Thesis, University of Chicago.____ with Ziegler, A.M., and Barrett, S.F., Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeographic maps, in Tidal friction and the Earth's Rotation II, P. Broche/J. Sundermann, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.____ with McCabe, C., Van der Voo, R., Peacor, D.R., and Freeman, R., Diagnetic magnetite carrier ancient yet secondary remanence in some Paleozoic sedimentary carbonates, Geology v. 11, pp. 221-223.1984____ with Van der Voo, R., and Bonhommet, N., (editors) Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, Geodynamics V. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., 136 pp.____ An introduction to this volume: Paleozoic Paleomagnetism and the Assembly of Pangea, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C. pp. 1-110.____ and Van der Voo, R., Johnson, R.W., and Giles, P.S., Paleomagnetic results from the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, pp. 11-26.____ with Van der Voo, R., and Peinado, J., A paleomagnetic reevaluation of Pangaea reconstructions, in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism. R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 11-26.____ with Van der Voo, and R., McCabe, Was Laurentia part of an Eocambrian supercontinent? in Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism, R. Van der Voo, C.R. Scotese, N. Bonhommet, eds. Geodynamics, v. 12, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 131-136.1985 The assembly of Pangea, middle and late Paleozoic paleomagnetic results from North America, 339 p. (Ph.D. Thesis)____ with Rowley, D.B., Raymond, A., Parrish, J.T., Lottes, A.L. and Ziegler, A.M., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions. International J. Coal Geology, 5:7-42.____ and Rowley, D. B., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions, Phillips, T. L., Cecil, C. B., Paleoclimatic controls on coal resources of the Pennsylvanian System of North America. International Journal of coal, Geology, 5 (1, 2), p. 7, 42.____ and Rowley, D.B., The orthogonality of subduction: An empirical rule? Tectonophysics, 116:173-187.____ and Van der Voo, R. and S.F. Barrett, Silurian and Devonian basemaps, Phil. trans. Roy. Soc. London B, 309:57-77.1986 ____ and Summerhayes, C.P., A computer model of paleoclimate to predict upwelling in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Geobyte, 1:28-42.____ with Parrish, J. T., Ziegler, A.M., Humphreyville, R.G. and Kirschvink, J.L., Early Cambrian paleogeography, paleoceanograpy, and phosphorites, in Phosphate Deposits of the World, vol. 1, (eds.) P.J. Cook and J.H. Shergold, Cambridge University Press, pp. 280-294.____ Phanerozoic Reconstructions; A New Look at the Assembly of Asia, UTIG Tech. Report 66, 54 pp.1987 Plate tectonic development of the Circum-Pacific (Panthalassic Ocean) during the Early Paleozoic in Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belts and the Evolution of the Pacific Ocean Basin, J. W. Monger and J. Francheteau (eds.), Amer. Geophys. Union, Geodynamics series, v. 18, 49-57.____ with Lawver, L., A revised reconstruction of Gondwana, in Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics, and Geophysics, Amer. Geophys. Union, Monograph 40:17-23.1988 ____ and Sager, W.W., Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Reconstructions. Tectonophysics, 155:27-48.____ with Gahagan, L.M., Royer, J.Y., Sandwell, D.T., Winn, K., Tomlins, R., Ross, M.I., Newman, J.S., Mueller, D., Mayes, C.L., Lawver, L.A. and Heubeck, C.E., Tectonic fabric map of the ocean basins from satellite altimetry data. Tectonophysics 155:1-26.____ with Ross, M.I., A hierarchical tectonic model of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region. Tectonophysics 155:139-168.____ with Royer, J.Y., Patriat, P. and Bergh, H., Evolution of the southwest Indian Ridge from the Late Cretaceous (anomaly 34) to the Middle Eocene (anomaly 20). Tectonophysics 155:235-260.____ and Gahagan, L.M. and Larson, R.L., Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics 155:27-48.1989 with Bally, A.W., and Ross, M.I., North America; Plate tectonic setting and tectonic elements, in A.W. Bally and A.R. Palmer, (editors), The Geology of North America; An Overview, Decade of North American Geology, The Geology of North America, Volume A., 1-15.1990 Phanerozoic plate tectonics reconstructions, insights into the driving mechanism of plate tectonics, Bulletin, Houston Geological Society, 32 (9), p. 10.____ with Lawver, A review of tectonic models for the evolution of the Canada Basin, Chapter 31, in A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J.F. Sweeney, (editors), The Arctic Ocean Region, Decade of North American Geology, volume L, pp. 593-618.____ with McKerrow, W.S. (editors), Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, Geol. Soc. London, Memoir 12, 435 p.____ with Royer, J.Y., Gahagan, L.M., Lawver, L.M., Mayes, C.L., Nurnberg, D., and Sandwell, D.T. A tectonic chart for the southern oceans derived from GEOSAT altimetry data, in Antarctica as an exploration frontier - hydrocarbon potential, geology, and hazards, B. St. John (ed.), A.A.P.G. Studies in Geology #31, Tulsa, OK, pp. 89-99.____ and S.F. Barrett, Gondwana's movement over the South Pole during the Paleozoic: evidence from lithologic indicators of climate, in Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (editors), Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 75-85.____ and W.S. McKerrow, Revised world maps and introduction, in Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography, W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (editors), Geological Society of London, Memoir 12, pp. 1-21.
o tohadda pala howe kuju kam kiya kro anna me nai prna u pr lo